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Louis XIV, byname Louis the Great, Louis the Grand Monarch, or the Sun King, French Louis le Grand, Louis le Grand Monarque, or le Roi Soleil, (born September 5, 1638, France—died September 1, 1715, Versailles, France), of (1643–1715) who ruled his country, principally from his great, during one of its most brilliant periods and who remains the symbol of of the classical age. Internationally, in a series of wars between 1667 and 1697, he extended France’s eastern borders at the expense of the and then, in the (1701–14), engaged a hostile European coalition in order to secure the Spanish throne for his grandson. Louis XIV died in 1715, four days shy of his 77th birthday, from associated with an infection in his leg. Early life and marriageLouis was the son of and his Spanish queen,. He succeeded his father on May 14, 1643. At the age of four years and eight months, he was, according to the laws of the kingdom, not only the master but the owner of the bodies and property of 19 million subjects. Although he was saluted as “a visible divinity,” he was, nonetheless, a neglected child given over to the care of servants.
He once narrowly escaped drowning in a pond because no one was watching him. Anne of Austria, who was to blame for this negligence, inspired him with a lasting fear of “crimes committed against God.”.
Rubens, Peter Paul: portrait of Anne of Austria Anne of Austria, oil on canvas by Peter Paul Rubens, 1621–25; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. © Photos.com/JupiterimagesLouis was nine years old when the nobles and the Paris (a powerful law court), driven by hatred of the, rose against the crown in 1648. This marked the beginning of the long civil war known as, in the course of which Louis suffered poverty, misfortune, fear, humiliation, cold, and hunger. These trials shaped the future character, behaviour, and mode of thought of the young king.
He would never forgive either, the nobles, or the common people. Colbert, Jean-Baptiste Jean-Baptiste Colbert. © Photos.com/ThinkstockDespite the use of pensions and punishments, the monarchy had been unable to subdue the nobles, who had started 11 civil wars in 40 years. Louis lured them to his court, corrupted them with gambling, exhausted them with, and made their destinies dependent on their capacity to please him. Etiquette became a means of governing. From that time, the nobility ceased to be an important factor in French politics, which in some respects weakened the nation.
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